Do we need to rule out anything?

Other causes can be ruled out like with a blood test like checking thyroid, looking for food allergies,  and testing levels of lead and mercury levels (but those are very rare in our area, culture and time). And other blood testing to make sure there are no deficiencies in Magnesium, iron, thallium, zinc, copper vit b’s too. (common in ADHD’ers)

Ask Dr Keel for more information on supplements and how to optimize them for your specific needs. 

Biomarkers in the ADHD Basics Panel include: CBC w/DIFF, CMP, Cooper, RBC, DHEA-Sulfate, Ferritin, Hemoglobin A1C, Homocysteine, Immunoglobulin E, Iron, TIBC, Lead, Lipid Panel, Magnesium RBC, Mercury, Prolactin, TSH, Testosterone, Free & Total w/SHBG, Vitamin D, 25-OH, Total, Zinc RBC.

DHA Lab's core chemistries, or the "repeat offenders" to neurotransmitter imbalance are: real-time methylation status through Whole Blood Histamine, Kryptopyrroluria (KPU), Zinc deficiency, Copper overload, and percentage of radical Free Copper.

Diet and Supplements:  

Below are supplements that have been show to be helpful in treating ADHD and other executive function challenges.  These are just recommendations.  Speak with Dr. Keel to learn which one might be useful for the individual patient. 

Dr. Keel loves working with patients to evaluate diet, sleep, lifestyle and other modifications to help you reach your fullest potential and live your best life! 

Let Food Be Thy Medicine

https://examine.com/ for nutrition and supplement information you can trust 

Supplements:   Micronutrient: 

omega 3 Fish oil  epa >dha and about 2000mg,   EPA 1.5/2 times > DHA 

(total EPA 1000mg child >2000 adult )   Liquid form with lemon for taste. 

vit D3 plus K  (2000-5000 I/U)

vit C  500mg- 1000mg

Magnesium, (has multiple types)  the one with the most study on the brain is– mag theannie 300-400mg (gaba inhibition) and even higher 1200mg for some people.    Other types are very beneficial as well for stress, relaxation etc. 

 Zink, 25 - 50mg max   (child 20-25mg)   regulate dopamine

Iron(chelated iron product (review labs first if low-lower normal low/& iron stores ferritin)

B complex, B 6, B12 ,   (methylated B vitamins avoid folic acids that are not methylated) 

DHEA (helps with testosterone) 25-50 micrograms

Quercetin 400 micrograms

inositol

L theanine 200mg

L tyrosine (precursor to dopamine) average 500mg but is a huge dose range  ,

Alpha gpc 300mg up to 1200 divided tree times a day

Citicoline (aclyctal choline 1000 mg

P.E.A also precursor to dopamine Phyenylethylamine HCL 150mg 250mg  neuroprotective, mood reduce inflammation and pain

 neuropeptamines/neuropeptides are becoming more common

Noopept (like piracetam but more potent dose between 10-40mg

Piracetam (derivative of neurotransmitter GABA (most popular and safest nootropics   3200-6400mg to get desired effect. 

Piracetam is a derivative of the neurotransmitter GABA. It’s one of the most popular and safest nootropics in the world. It boosts blood flow to the brain and is used to treat various other psychological disorders like depression schizophrenia and epilepsy.

Piracetam is a powerful cognitive enhancer that boosts concentration, energy and even increases synaptic plasticity. People with ADHD should use doses ranging between 3200 – 6400 mg to get the desired effects.

Noopept is similar in its effects and mechanism of action to Piracetam, though much more potent. A typical Noopept dose is between 10 and 40 mg. Noopept improves memory retention and recall, making you process information at a faster rate.

It helps you stay focused for longer periods of time and also has neuroprotective properties. On top of that, its side-effects are minimal. Noopept is healthy for your brain because it encourages the formation of new synapses and neurons.

L-Tyrosine is an amino acid that is synthesized within the body from phenylalanine. L-Tyrosine is important in the production of many of the body’s proteins and neurotransmitters which are linked to ADHD: epinephrine, dopamine and norepinephrine.

Studies from the 1980’s hypothesized that ADD may be a product of L-Tyrosine deficiency. Although that probably isn’t the cause, L-Tyrosine can boost focus and energy levels by increasing the production of the dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine.

Supplements may help boost dopamine levels, including:

• Tyrosine: An essential amino acid that increases dopamine levels in the brain

• L phenylanlanine is another amino acid that can be converted to L Tyrosine and then dopamine 

• Curcumin: Increases BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) levels and boosts dopamine and serotonin

• Theanine: Treats mental health problems like depression, anxiety, and stress, and increases dopamine levels

• Vitamin D: Low vitamin D levels can increase dopamine-seeking behaviors

• Magnesium: Deficiencies can lead to a decrease in dopamine levels

• Mucuna pruriens: A natural source of levodopa, the precursor to dopamine, that's often used in traditional Indian medicine. Mucuna pruriens, also known as velvet bean, contains high levels of L-DOPA, a direct precursor to dopamine. This herbal supplement is widely used for its potential to increase dopamine levels and improve mood and motivation. Additionally, Mucuna pruriens has been studied for its benefits in managing symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, due to its ability to replenish dopamine stores in the brain.

• Probiotics: Can positively affect your mood and dopamine and serotonin pathways in the brain

• Ginkgo biloba: May increase dopamine levels, which can help improve memory and cognitive function 

• Vitamin B6 plays a crucial role in the synthesis of dopamine by acting as a cofactor for the enzymes involved in its production. Adequate levels of this vitamin are necessary for the proper functioning of these enzymes. Vitamin B6 supplements can support overall brain health and dopamine production, which in turn can enhance mood, cognitive function, and energy levels.

• Rhodiola rosea is an adaptogenic herb that can help reduce fatigue and improve mood. It is thought to influence the balance of neurotransmitters, including dopamine, in the brain, thereby supporting mental clarity and emotional stability. By helping the body adapt to stress and reducing feelings of burnout, Rhodiola rosea can contribute to overall mental and physical well-being.

Sleep 

Waking up a night?   Myoinositol ~900mg  or Theanine 100-400 mg 

Falling asleep/ sleep latency:  mg Bisglycinate or Mg-Threonate,  Apigenin (derivative of chamomile)   Try one for a week, then the other, then maybe both and see what works best,  both is a good combo. 

Melatonin lowest most effective dose,  works great for some, not so great for others 

Supplements

• L-Theanine 100 mg 1 to 6 pills a night 1 hour before bed. Do not exceed 1,200 mg a day if using for nerve pain or anxiety during the day, as well. Excessive amounts in the day are very sedating; and/or

• Herbal Sleep Combination 1 to 2 pills 1 hour before bed. Common herbs in sleep combination pills include valerian root, lemon balm, passionflower, hops, yams, wild lettuce, L-theanine, and others.

You can either take these two supplements together or use in combination with the following prescription medicines, if needed.

Prescription Medicines

• Zolpidem (Ambien) 10 mg 1 pill 30 minutes before bed. Use if your primary problem is getting to sleep. It is short-acting; and/or

• Trazodone 50 mg 1/2 to 2 pills 30 minutes before bedtime. Use this if your primary problem is staying asleep.

Herbal for ADHD and executive function 

Ginkgo Biloba is one of the oldest trees in the world and its leaves are widely used in herbal remedies to treat cardiovascular illnesses, alleviate stress and depression.

It also helps to maintain a healthy blood flow to the brain. Ginkgo is especially useful for increasing attention spans in people with ADD and ADHD. Also, it helps those who suffer from anxiety disorders and is often used in combination with Ginseng.

rhodrola rosea (grape seed extract)  Excellent for fitness and recovery (cortisol modulator) 

Ginseng is one of the most widely researched and effective tonics in the world. Due to the presence of ginsenosides, ginseng is effective at relieving some ADD-related symptoms by boosting dopamine and norepinephrine levels.

Ginseng has been found to improve cognitive performance, speed of performing memory tasks and accuracy of attention-related tasks. Also, it increases overall mental energy and significantly boosts memory when taken with Ginkgo Biloba.

Ashwagandha,

 pycnogenal (french maritime pine bark)

 valerian, 

ningdong, 

Bacopa Monnieri, or Brahmi as it is called, is a marsh plant that grows in India, used for centuries to improve cognition and memory retention. It’s also an adaptogen, meaning that it helps people deal better with stress and feel socially at ease.

Whether you’re suffering from attention deficit disorder or not, Brahmi can help you focus on the task at hand while also making you feel relaxed.

 passion flower.   

Mushrooms such as turkey tail, 

ADHD and Complementary Health Approaches: What the Science Says | NCCIH

https://www.additudemag.com/vitamins-minerals-adhd-treatment-plan/

https://www.additudemag.com/adhd-supplements-foods-vitamins/

https://www.additudemag.com/slideshows/adhd-supplements-fish-oil-zinc-iron/

Need Supplements??:   

Dr. Keel trusts Fullscript to supply the best supplements and wellness straight to your door.  These products are safer and more effective with higher ingredient, storage and shipping standards.  visit the store today to view the whole catalog and start saving. 

My supplement store I have put together to help you save money and find trusted suppliers.

 https://us.fullscript.com/welcome/evenkeelhealth

Do we need to rule out anything?

Other causes can be ruled out like with a blood test like checking thyroid, looking for food allergies,  and testing levels of lead and mercury levels (but those are very rare in our area, culture and time). And other blood testing to make sure there are no deficiencies in Magnesium, iron, thallium, zinc, copper vit b’s too. (common in ADHD’ers)

Ask Dr Keel for more information on supplements and how to optimize them for your specific needs. 

Taking curcumin, selenium, vitamin C, and vitamin E can help the liver create glutathione. Sulfur-containing foods like meat and certain vegetables can also boost production. Glutathione is a peptide found in plants and animals. It is a powerful antioxidant produced by the liver to protect the body against free radicals, peroxides, and heavy metals. Glutathione also eliminates poisons such as drugs and pollutants from our bodies.

MORE DETAILED LIST OF SUPPLEMENTS with links to studies. 

ALPHA GPC

USED IN

CLARITY CREATIVITY

KEY FOCUS AREAS

•  Memory

•  Neurogenesis

•  Neuroprotection

FOUND IN

AlphaGrain™Alpha GPC 50% is a standardized form of Alpha GPC. It can be produced synthetically or naturally derived from some food sources, like eggs, dairy, meat, and fish.

WHY WE USE IT

Alpha GPC is a useable source of choline, which is used in the brain to make acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter primarily associated with learning and memory.

HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES

Study 1 - The effects of alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine, caffeine or placebo on markers of mood, cognitive function, power, speed, and agility

Study 2 - Choline alphoscerate in cognitive decline and in acute cerebrovascular disease: an analysis of published clinical data

Study 3 - Quantitative electroencephalography changes in patients with mild cognitive impairment after choline alphoscerate administration

CITICOLINE

USED IN

ENERGY

KEY FOCUS AREAS

•  Learning

•  Neuroprotection

•  Memory

FOUND IN

Citicoline is found in high concentrations in soybeans, animal products, eggs and fish.

WHY WE USE IT

Citicoline supports healthy cognitive function and is the building block of Acetylcholine a key neurotransmitter associated with learning and memory.

HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES

Study 1 - Citicoline and Memory Function

Study 2 - Citicoline and verbal memory in aging

Study 3 - Citicoline and the treatment of cognitive impairment

GINKO BILOBA

USED IN

LOGIC

KEY FOCUS AREAS

•  Processing

•  Visual Memory

•  Blood Flow

FOUND IN

Extracted from the leaves of the Ginkgo Biloba tree, which is native to China.

WHY WE USE IT

Ginkgo Biloba has been studied for it's impact on dopamine in the prefrontal cortex. Increasing dopamine supports cognitive flexibility.

HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES

Study 1 - Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on cognitive control functions, mental activity of the prefrontal cortex and stress reactivity

Study 2 - Neuroregulatory role of ginkgolides

Study 3 - A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of Ginkgo biloba extract

THEOBROMINE

USED IN

LOGIC

KEY FOCUS AREAS

•  Alertness

•  Energy

•  Neuroprotection

FOUND IN

Theobromine is the primary alkaloid found in Cocoa.

WHY WE USE IT

Theobromine stimulates the release of dopamine and norepinephrine, which help maintain alertness and healthy energy levels. Theobromine is a molecule similar to caffeine, but has a slower onset and longer lasting effect.

HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES

Study 1 - Methylxanthines: the psycho-pharmacologically active constituents of chocolate

Study 2 - A study on Theobromine, and the up-regulation of cerebral brain-derived neurotrophic factor

Study 3 - A study on Theobromine and working memory (CaMKII/CREB/BDNF Pathway)

L-PHENYLALANINE

USED IN

MOTIVATION

KEY FOCUS AREAS

•  Memory

•  Motivation

•  Attention

FOUND IN

L-Phenylalanine is an essential amino acid found in high concentrations in meat, fish, eggs, soybeans, and cheese.

WHY WE USE IT

L-Phenylalanine is an amino acid that is a precursor of the excitatory neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine.

HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES

Study 1 - Effects of tyrosine/phenylalanine depletion on electrophysiological correlates of memory

Study 2 - A study on DL-phenylalanine as an antidepressant

Study 3 - Behavioral and cognitive effects of tyrosine intake

MANGO LEAF

USED IN

ENERGY

KEY FOCUS AREAS

•  Energy

•  Accuracy

•  Visual Memory

FOUND IN

Zynamite® is a standardized extract from Mangifera indica, commonly known as mango leaves.

WHY WE USE IT

Mangifera indica has been shown to support performance accuracy, information processing and memory in select clinical trials. Mango leaf extracts have been used for centuries to support healthy energy levels.

HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES

Study 1 - Acute Effects of a Polyphenol-Rich Leaf Extract of Mangifera indica L. (Zynamite) on Cognitive Function

Study 2 - Analysis of phenolic compounds in mango leaves varieties

Study 3 - Central nervous system activities of extract Mangifera indica L

AGMATINE SULFATE

USED IN

CREATIVITY

KEY FOCUS AREAS

•  Mood

•  Neuroprotection

•  Stress

FOUND IN

Agmatine Sulfate is naturally produced by bacteria, plants, and human cells.

WHY WE USE IT

Agmatine Sulfate is an amino acid derived from L-arginine that has been studied for its ability to block acetylcholine receptors in the adrenal glands.

HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES

Study 1 - Neuroprotective offerings by agmatine

Study 2 - Agmatine, a potential novel therapeutic strategy for depression

Study 3 - Neuroprotective Role of Agmatine in Neurological Diseases

METHYLLIBERINE

USED IN

MOTIVATION

KEY FOCUS AREAS

•  Alertness

•  Memory

•  Energy

FOUND IN

Dynamine™ is a standardized molecule naturally found in coffee beans, tea, guarana, cocoa, and yerba mate.

WHY WE USE IT

Studies show that Dynamine™ has been found to support alertness, and maintain energy levels. Dynamine™ is an alkaloid compound that is structurally similar to caffeine.

HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES

Study 1 - Effects of caffeine, methylliberine, and theacrine on vigilance, marksmanship, and hemodynamic responses in tactical personnel: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Study 2 - Supplementation with Methylliberine (Dynamine®) Alone and in Combination with TeaCrine®

Study 3 - A Combination of Caffeine, TeaCrine (Theacrine), and Dynamine (Methylliberine) Increases Cognitive Performance and Reaction Time Without Interfering With Mood in Adult Male Egamers

LION'S MANE MUSHROOM

USED IN

CLARITY

KEY FOCUS AREAS

•  Memory

•  Learning

•  Neuroprotection

FOUND IN

Lion’s Mane Mushrooms are native to Northern United States and Canada.

WHY WE USE IT

Studies have shown Lion's Mane may increase levels of Brain Derived Neutropic Factor. It has been studied for its ability to maintain cognitive performance and support memory.

HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES

Study 1 - Study on the effects of the mushroom Yamabushitake (Hericium erinaceus)

Study 2 - A study on Hericium erinaceus impact on Mood and Sleep

Study 3 - Study on cognitive functions by oral intake of Hericium erinaceus

VITAMIN B12

USED IN

MOTIVATION

KEY FOCUS AREAS

•  Energy

•  Nerve Health

•  Cellular Function

FOUND IN

Methylcobalamin is a bioavailable form of Vitamin B12 that can be man-made or found in high concentrations of animal protein.

WHY WE USE IT

Vitamin B12 is known to support energy levels and is essential for nerve health. Studies have shown deficiencies in B12 can lead to decreased cognitive function.

HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES

Study 1 - Effects of Vitamin B12 Supplementation on Cognitive Function, Depressive Symptoms, and Fatigue

Study 2 - Neurological symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency

Study 3 - Vitamin B12 deficiency: case report and review of literature

CAMELLIA SINENSIS TEA LEAF

USED IN

CLARITY

KEY FOCUS AREAS

•  Neuroprotection

•  Blood Flow

•  Mood

FOUND IN

Epicatechin is a molecule found in high concentration in green tea and dark chocolate.

WHY WE USE IT

Studies have shown Epicatechin to be a potent antioxidant that can pass the blood brain barrier. Antioxidants help neutralize oxidative stress which supports healthy cellular function.

HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES

Study 1 - The Impact of Epicatechin on Human Cognition: The Role of Cerebral Blood Flow

Study 2 - Green tea effects on cognition, mood and human brain function: A systematic review

Study 3 - Beneficial Effects of Green Tea Catechins on Neurodegenerative Diseases

PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE

USED IN

LOGIC

KEY FOCUS AREAS

•  Memory

•  Stress

•  Attention

FOUND IN

A naturally occurring phospholipid, our Phosphatidylserine is from sunflowers.

WHY WE USE IT

Studies have shown this supplement to maintain memory formation and support the body's cortisol response.

HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES

Study 1 - The effect of phosphatidylserine administration on memory and symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Study 2 - Effects of phosphatidylserine in age-associated memory impairment

Study 3 - Positive effects of soy lecithin-derived phosphatidylserine plus phosphatidic acid on memory, cognition, daily functioning, and mood in elderly patients

ARTICHOKE

USED IN

MOTIVATION

KEY FOCUS AREAS

•  Blood Flow

•  Processing

•  Stress

FOUND IN

Artichoke leaves and roots.

WHY WE USE IT

Studies have shown Artichoke extract blocks an enzyme called phosphodiesterase IV which supports healthy blood flow. Flavonoids like those found in Artichoke extract are antioxidants.

HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES

Study 1 - The role of luteolin against cognitive dysfunction

Study 2 - Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors as a Therapeutic Approach to Neuroprotection and Repair

Study 3 - A study on Luteolin, long-term potentiation and cognitive function

THEACRINE

USED IN

ENERGY

KEY FOCUS AREAS

•  Energy

•  Motivation

•  Processing

FOUND IN

TeaCrine® is a standardized alkaloid naturally found in the plant Cupuaçu, related to the cacao tree.

WHY WE USE IT

Research indicates TeaCrine® increases activity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) region of the brain, which is believed to support motivation and and maintain healthy cognitive function.

HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES

Study 1 - Safety of TeaCrine®, a non-habituating, naturally-occurring purine alkaloid over eight weeks of continuous use

Study 2 - Cognitive Performance and Mood Following Ingestion of a Theacrine

Study 3 - The effects of TeaCrine® and caffeine on endurance and cognitive performance during a simulated match in high-level soccer players

N-ACETYL CYSTEINE

USED IN

ENERGY

KEY FOCUS AREAS

•  Cellular function

•  Neuroprotection

•  Mood

FOUND IN

Cysteine is found in most high-protein foods, like turkey, yogurt, eggs, sunflower seeds and legumes.

WHY WE USE IT

Studies have shown NAC may increase levels of glutathione, which help regulate the neurotransmitter glutamate, as well as support detoxification.

HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES

Study 1 - A study on N-Acetyl Cysteine and it's function as a Fast-Acting Antioxidant

Study 2 - Therapeutic potential of N-acetylcysteine

Study 3 - A study on N-acetylcysteine and selective protection of cerebellar granule cells

INDIAN TRUMPET TREE

USED IN

ENERGY

KEY FOCUS AREAS

•  Memory

•  Motivation

•  Neuroprotection

FOUND IN

Sabroxy®is a standardized extract from the bark of Oroxylum Indicum, the Indian trumpet tree.

WHY WE USE IT

Oroxylum Indicum acts as a dopamine reuptake inhibitor, which maintains healthy dopamine levels and supports memory consolidation.

HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES

Study 1 - Effects of an Oroxylum indicum Extract (Sabroxy®) on Cognitive Function in Adults With Self-reported Mild Cognitive Impairment

Study 2 - Oroxylum indicum (L.) extract and human neuroblastoma

Study 3 - Systematic Elucidation of the Mechanism of Oroxylum indicum via Network Pharmacology

FORSKOLIN

USED IN

MOTIVATION

KEY FOCUS AREAS

•  Neuroprotection

•  Blood Flow

•  Cellular function

FOUND IN

Made from the root of a plant in the mint family, Forskolin grows in Nepal, India, and Thailand.

WHY WE USE IT

Studies have shown that Forskolin increases cellular levels of a molecule called cyclic adenosine monophosphate, or cAMP. Forskolin maintains healthy blood flow to the brain.

HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES

Study 1 - Cerebral blood flow regulation and cognitive function: a role of arterial baroreflex function

Study 2 - Body composition and hormonal adaptations associated with forskolin consumption

Study 3 - Effects of forskolin on cerebral blood flow

DIHYDROXYFLAVONE

USED IN

CLARITY

KEY FOCUS AREAS

•  Neuroprotection

•  Neurogenesis

•  Cellular Function

FOUND IN

7,8 Dihydroxyflavone is a flavone molecule found in the plants Godmania aesculifolia, Tridax procumbens, and in Primula tree leaves.

WHY WE USE IT

Studies have shown 7,8 Dihydroxyflavone can cross the blood brain barrier and bind to TrkB receptors. TrkB is a receptor for brain-derived neurotrophic factor.

HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES

Study 1 - 7,8-dihydroxyflavone as a promising nutraceutical against CNS disorders

Study 2 - 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone and Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Study 3 - 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone as a pro-neurotrophic treatment for neurodevelopmental disorders

N-ACETYL L-TYROSINE

USED IN

ENERGY

KEY FOCUS AREAS

•  Alertness

•  Attention

•  Memory

FOUND IN

High concentrations in animal protein, dairy products, and whole grains.

WHY WE USE IT

Tyrosine is an amino acid precursor to the excitatory neurotransmitters, dopamine and norepinephrine.

HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES

Study 1 - Influence of nutritional tyrosine on cognition and functional connectivity

Study 2 - Effect of tyrosine supplementation

Study 3 - A study on Tyrosine benefits cognitive and psychomotor performance during body cooling

PANAX GINSENG

USED IN

CREATIVITY

KEY FOCUS AREAS

•  Memory

•  Energy

•  Neuroprotection

FOUND IN

GS15-4® is a standardized extract from Panax Ginseng, a root native to Eastern Russian, Northeast China, and the Korean Peninsula.

WHY WE USE IT

Studies have shown the active components of Panax Ginseng, Ginsenosides, to support the expression of acetylcholine in the brain, which maintains learning and memory.

HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES

Study 1 - Benefits of American Ginseng on mood and cognition in healthy young adults

Study 2 - Efficacy of Omega-3 and Korean Red Ginseng in Children with Subthreshold ADHD

Study 3 - Panax ginseng enhances cognitive performance in Alzheimer disea

BACOPA MONNIERI

USED IN

LOGIC

KEY FOCUS AREAS

•  Memory

•  Neuroprotection

•  Learning

FOUND IN

Synapsa® is a standardized extract of the Bacopa Monnieri plant. It has a wide range of active constituents that contribute to its therapeutic properties.

WHY WE USE IT

Bacopa is one of the most studied nootropics. Traditionally, Bacopa Monnieri Extract is used to support cognitive function as well as overall brain health.

HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES

Study 1 - Effects of a standardized Bacopa monnieri extract on cognitive performance

Study 2 - The cognitive-enhancing effects of Bacopa monnieri: a systematic review of randomized, controlled human clinical trials

Study 3 - Bacopa monnieri on memory performance

HIGH DHA ALGAE

USED IN

LOGIC

KEY FOCUS AREAS

•  Cellular Function

•  Processing

•  Memory

FOUND IN

AvailOm® is a standardized form of DHA, an omega-3 fatty acid derived from algae.

WHY WE USE IT

DHA is a complex fatty acid molecule crucial for it's role in supporting neurological development and maintaining brain health.

HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES

Study 1 - Omega-3 supplementation improves cognition and modifies brain activation in young adults

Study 2 - Dietary DHA and health: cognitive function ageing

Study 3 - Supplementation with DHA and the psychological functioning of young adults

ASHWAGANDHA ROOT

USED IN

CREATIVITY

KEY FOCUS AREAS

•  Memory

•  Attention

•  Neuroprotection

FOUND IN

KSM-66® is a standardized extract found in high concentrations of the Ashwagandha root.

WHY WE USE IT

Ashwagandha modulates our body’s stress response to cortisol. This non-sedating modulation supports calm in stressful situations. Ashwagandha roughly translates to the “smell and strength of a horse!”

HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES

Study 1 - Clinical evaluation of the pharmacological impact of ashwagandha root extract

Study 2 - Efficacy and Safety of Ashwagandha

Study 3 - Ashwagandha Root Extract: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial

SAFFRON

USED IN

CONFIDENCE

KEY FOCUS AREAS

•  Mood

•  Neuroprotection

•  Processing

FOUND IN

Affron® is a standardized extract from saffron, originating from the flower Crocus Sativus.

WHY WE USE IT

Saffron has been studied for it's ability to modulate the amount of serotonin available in the brain. Serotonin is a primary neurotransmitter involved in mood regulation. Saffron is the world's most expensive spice. The flowers must be hand picked, and it takes approximately 70,000 flowers to harvest a single pound of saffron stigmas.

HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES

Study 1 - Effects of Saffron Extract Supplementation on Mood, Well-Being, and Response to a Psychosocial Stressor in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel Group, Clinical Trial

Study 2 - A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

Study 3 - Saffron: A Natural Potent Antioxidant

TRIACETYLURIDINE

USED IN

LOGIC

KEY FOCUS AREAS

•  Memory

•  Neuroprotection

•  Mood

FOUND IN

Uridine is found in foods such as fish, walnuts, broccoli, and tomatoes.

WHY WE USE IT

Uridine is needed to build the cell membrane of our nerve cells and produce choline. It also supports neurotrophic factors BDNF and NGF, which maintains healthy cognitive function.

HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES

Study 1 - Triacetyluridine (TAU) study on depressive symptoms, brain pH

Study 2 - Oral uridine and neuroprotection

Study 3 - Study on Oral uridine pro-drug PN401, neurodegeneration, behavioral impairment

SCELETIUM TORTUOSUM

USED IN

CREATIVITY CONFIDENCE

KEY FOCUS AREAS

•  Blood Flow

•  Neuroplasticity

•  Mood

FOUND IN

Zembrin® is a standardized extract of the South African plant Sceletium Tortuosum.

WHY WE USE IT

Studies have shown Zembrin® supports serotonin which regulates mood.

HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES

Study 1 - Sceletium tortuosum (Zembrin® ) ameliorates experimentally induced anxiety in healthy volunteers

Study 2 - Acute effects of Sceletium tortuosum (Zembrin), a dual 5-HT reuptake and PDE4 inhibitor, in the human amygdala and its connection to the hypothalamus

Study 3 - Ergogenic Effects of 8 Days of Sceletium Tortuosum Supplementation on Mood, Visual Tracking, and Reaction

MAGNESIUM BISGLYCINATE

USED IN

CONFIDENCE

KEY FOCUS AREAS

•  Neuroprotection

•  Neuroplasticity

•  Mood

FOUND IN

A highly absorbable form of magnesium that has been shown to activate the glycine receptor, an inhibitory neurotransmitter that promotes calming effects on the brain and body.

WHY WE USE IT

Studies have shown magnesium may support mood, sleep, and fight oxidative stress.

HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES

Study 1 - Magnesium in drug dependences

Study 2 - The effect of vitamin D and magnesium supplementation

Study 3 - Study on Magnesium supplementation

SAGE

USED IN

CONFIDENCE

KEY FOCUS AREAS

•  Neuroprotection

•  Mood

•  Memory

FOUND IN

Salvia Officinalis, more commonly known as Sage, is an herb native to the Middle East and Mediterranean areas. This herb has a long history of use in traditional medicine.

WHY WE USE IT

Sage has studied as an antioxidant and for its ability to modulate GABA neurotransmission. GABA is the neurotransmitter known for calm and feelings of relaxation.

HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES

Study 1 - An extract of Salvia (sage) with anticholinesterase properties improves memory and attention in healthy older volunteers

Study 2 - Effects of cholinesterase inhibiting sage (Salvia officinalis) on mood, anxiety and performance on a psychological stressor battery

Study 3 - Differential effects of the aromas of Salvia species on memory and mood

ASHWAGANDHA LEAF & ROOT

USED IN

CONFIDENCE

KEY FOCUS AREAS

•  Mood

•  Neuroprotection

•  Stress

FOUND IN

Shoden® is the standardized, high potency extract from the leaves and roots of the Ashwagandha plant.

WHY WE USE IT

Shoden® is a highly bioavailable adaptogen. Adaptogens mimic the body’s own stress-reducing hormones, increasing the body’s ability to recover from stress and feeling of balance.

HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES

Study 1 - Efficacy and Safety of Ashwagandha Root Extract in Improving Memory and Cognitive Functions

Study 2 - An investigation into the stress-relieving and pharmacological actions of an ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) extract: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

Study 3 - Clinical evaluation of the pharmacological impact of ashwagandha root extract on sleep in healthy volunteers and insomnia patients: A double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study

MAGNOLIA BARK

USED IN

CONFIDENCE

KEY FOCUS AREAS

•  Memory

•  Neuroprotection

•  Learning

FOUND IN

DHH-B is a natural derivative of Magnolia Tree Bark and has been used traditionally in medicinal practices throughout much of Southeast Asia.

WHY WE USE IT

Magnolia Bark has been studied for it's ability to support the body’s stress response to cortisol. Cortisol is known as the body's stress hormone.

HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES

Study 1 - Honokiol: A review of its pharmacological potential and therapeutic insights

Study 2 - The Neuropharmacological Effects of Magnolol and Honokiol: A Review of Signal Pathways and Molecular Mechanisms

Study 3 - Anxiolytic-like effect of dihydrohonokiol following behavioural and biochemical assessments

CAFFEINE

USED IN

ENERGY CLARITY CREATIVITY MOTIVATION LOGIC CONFIDENCE

KEY FOCUS AREAS

•  Alertness

•  Energy

•  Attention

FOUND IN

Coffee, tea, cacao, yerba mate, and guarana berries.

WHY WE USE IT

Caffeine blocks adenosine molecules from their receptor. When this occurs more dopamine and norepinephrine are released from our neuron. Caffeine is commonly associated with with maintaining healthy energy levels.

HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES

Study 1 - Effects of Caffeine on reaction time, vigilance and logical reasoning during extended periods with restricted opportunities for sleep

Study 2 - Study on the combination of L-theanine and caffeine across cognitive performance and subjective alertness

Study 3 - Caffeine and the central nervous system: mechanisms of action, biochemical, metabolic and psychostimulant effects

L-THEANINE

USED IN

ENERGY CLARITY CREATIVITY LOGIC CONFIDENCE MOTIVATION

KEY FOCUS AREAS

•  Alertness

•  Stress

•  Reaction time

FOUND IN

L-Theanine is found in fairly high concentrations in green tea, and can also be found in several mushroom species.

WHY WE USE IT

L-Theanine has been taken alongside caffeine for centuries to minimize jitters, so we include it in our caffeinated formulations.

HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES

Study 1 - L-Theanine and the psychological and physiological stress responses

Study 2 - Impact of the combination of L-theanine and caffeine on cognitive performance and subjective alertness

Study 3 - The effects of L-theanine, caffeine and their combination on cognition and mood